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Lampung is a province in Indonesia which is located on the island of Sumatra and its capital is Bandar Lampung. Lampung is the gateway to the island of Sumatra, so many tribes from other regions visit it. Quite a number of them also brought the arts from their home region. So the traditional Lampung musical instruments that we know today were created through a process of acculturation from other regions.
As with other regions, there are various musical instruments in Lampung. Starting from traditional musical instruments to contemporary musical instruments, there are also.
Now, on this occasion, we will review 8 types of traditional musical instruments from Lampung province which are still surviving today.
8 Lampung Traditional Musical Instruments
Lampung has various types of music, ranging from traditional music to modern music. Here are the types of Lampung musical instruments that have survived to this day.
1. Gamolan
Gamolan is a jam musical instrument made of selected bamboo raw materials. Apart from that, Gamolan is also a type of musical instrument which is almost similar to the Javanese gamelan. But Gamolan in Lampung is composed of bamboo tied with strings that are specially designed.
In Lampung there are those who mention pekhing gamolan, there are also those who mention cetik gamolan. The way to play gamolan is to be beaten like a normal gamelan. Generally gamolan is played when there are specific traditional events in Lampung.
This Lampung musical instrument has been around since the 4th century AD, but most of it is from Lampung residents who are not familiar with this type of traditional musical instrument. And there is a researcher from Australia who is interested in studying this musical instrument even further. According to him, the gamelan musical instrument is older than the gamelan. This can be proven from the finding of images of gamolan on the reliefs of the Borobudur temple.
2. Sergeant
One of the Lampung musical instruments after that is the serdam. Serdam is a traditional wind instrument from Lampung Province which is made of bamboo and has a pentatonic sound. Unlike the Flute or Suling, Serdam produces the basic G = do sound. It is divided into 5 holes which produce a scale with rhythm, re, mi, sol, la and sang (1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7).
In playing Serdam generally with other musical instruments. Serdam is usually used to take voices or soloists and to accompany the soloists they need with songs. Each Serdam is played by a man. How to play it the end of the blower hole is blown and the sound producing holes are closed with the fingers. This instrument can be played sitting, open or walking.
3. Kompang
Kompang is a kind of traditional musical instrument which is included in the drum music type group. As with the traditional Rebana and Marawis musical instruments, the Kompang musical instrument, where it is struck, is generally made of cattle leather.
The skin will be removed and dried first before use, and the animal skins used can only be from livestock. This musical instrument comes from Arab countries, there are also those who have the opinion that the Kompang traditional Lampung musical instrument comes from Parsi which is used to welcome the presence of Rasulullah SAW at that time.
Kompang is divided into several types of sizes. There are those who have the usual size of the center line for 22.5 cm, 25 cm, 27.5 cm and some reach 35 cm. Kompang is played using both irises. One hand to hold Kompang, and the other hand to hit Kompang.
4. Kulintang
A set of kulintang consists of several percussion instruments and a clock made of bronze. This instrument is generally played to accompany traditional events such as the Percussion of Miwang Diljan, Sereliyih Adak Deh, Serenundung Lambung and so on.
Such is the primacy of this musical instrument that in a number of communities in Lampung it is known as kulintang with a different name. For example :
Kulintang Kacak Tanding (Terbanggi Besar, Kulintang Gemaraw (Defaith Stone), Kulintang Cakra (Mount Wani), Kulintang Ngabehi Kibang (Menggala), and Kulintang Sakti Pagar Dewa (Menggala)
Each kulintang has historical value and important cultural traditions for its inhabitants.
5. Drum
Gendang is a traditional Lampung musical instrument made of wood and animal skin. Animal skins that are commonly used are goats, cows or buffalo. In the Kulintang musical instrument, the drum acts as the leader of the rhythm.
This double-headed drum instrument in the form of a conical (large upper side and smaller at the bottom) is played with a kulintang and two gongs to accompany pencak silat. How to play this musical instrument is hit by hand to produce sound from the skin membrane on both sides.
6. Accordion
The accordion or harmonium is a traditional Lampung musical instrument made of metal. The harmoniums are made of wood, wire, leather, and velvet. Musical instruments such as the chamber organ or this small organ, how to play this instrument by pressing the tongue opening button which vibrates because of the wind that is pumped.
Harmonium is part of a stringed orchestra that is played with other musical instruments such as violin and fiddle.
7. Membling
Membling is a traditional musical instrument from Lampung which is similar to the Hasapi musical instrument from the North Sumatra region. The material for this instrument is wood. The steps for playing this tool are taken using 2 strings as a complement. The shape of Membling is similar to Kulcapi Batak or what we usually know as Hasapi.
The slender shape of the membling is almost like the ukulele, but the shape of the membling is longer. The very end of Membling is designed for someone to wear a cap with a squatting position. Generally this musk instrument is played with a serdam instrument.
The role of membling is to express feelings through sound and music or a song.
8. Bende
Bende is a traditional musical instrument typical of Lampung which used to play the role of a kentongan. The role of the bende is to give signals or warnings when giving information to residents. When this bende is sounded, the community will generally join or be asked to join in one location, which is generally the local village hall.
Not only used as a signal to give information, this instrument is often used to announce that a people’s party event has begun. To get a traditional Bende musical instrument is not difficult because now this musical instrument is often used, especially when there is a monkey mask attraction.
Closing
Those are several types of traditional musical instruments typical of Lampung, some of which still exist today. It is appropriate that the cultural heritage of our ancestors should be preserved by our younger generations. So that its presence is still valuable and so that it doesn’t get lost in the times.
Hopefully the information above can add to our discourse and increase our interest in various arts in Indonesia, especially regional traditional musical instruments.
